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摘
要
本文全面综述了国内外油烟污染的危害和净化技术的现状，针对我国目前城市油烟净化中对结构简单、低阻、高效的除尘设备的需求，提出了将除尘净化与动力输送融为一体的新型除尘设备——洗涤式除尘净化风机。
本文分析了传统的离心式和轴流式叶轮的特点，综合借鉴两种叶轮的优点，对叶轮进行了新的设计。将叶轮设计为独特的伞状，叶轮的轮盘为锥形，叶片采用单直板刀刃型。该结构具有重量轻、强度高的特点，叶轮运行阻力小，噪声低。在湿式环境下运行尤其显示出其独特的优势，水在高速旋转的叶轮的作用下被充分雾化，同时伞状叶轮可防止电机进水。与之相适应的是独特的仿蜗型蜗壳，为一螺旋线结构，它在轴向方向上为锥形，径向上为渐开线，更适应该叶轮中的气流流动状况，气流阻力小，且具有强度高，耗材少的特点。
试验结果显示，该风机空气动力性能良好，流量系数和压力系数与4-72型风机相当。在水淋环境下运行时，压力系数高于4-72型风机。实际工程试用表明：洗涤式净化风机除油烟效果良好，效率高，免清洗。其独特的伞型叶轮和仿蜗型蜗壳对洗涤净化具有独特的优势。据预测，也能应用于与油烟性质相似的沥青烟雾，喷漆烟雾等的净化中。
文章进一步探讨了该净化风机的净化机理。机械洗涤式净化方法利用离心力，将机械式和湿法除尘结合于风机中，在给气体提供动力的同时，使气、液、固三相之间达到高速的相对运动，完成充分雾化、气液激烈混合及气溶胶粒子的捕集净化过程。气流在风机中的速度变化以及气溶胶和洗涤液之间的相互作用状况，与文丘里各段相似。通过风机的选型和转速的调节，叶轮中可以比较容易实现与文丘里喉管气速（50～150m/s）相当的气流速度。此设备完全具备了实现高效净化的条件，所以完全可以达到与文丘里等效的净化效果。该设备能耗远小于文丘里除尘器。
关键词：风机，净化，机械洗涤，高效
Abstract
The
paper summarizes the oil smoke pollution harm and the present
purifying techniques situation in the dietetic industry. Aiming at the
demand for the efficient oil smoke purifying equipment of simple
structure and low resistance, the washing-purifying fan is put forward
which integrates purification and power transportation in a single
fan.
In
this paper, the characteristic of the traditional centrifugal and
axial flow impeller is analyzed. The new design is worked on the
impeller taking into account the merits of the two types of impellers
synthetically. The impeller is designed as a unique umbrellalike
figure,the front butt plate and the back butt plate are both
cone-shaped, the vane is flat, and its windward side is like cutting
edge. The type of impeller has excellent strength of structure and
small weigh. The running resistance is low and the noise is low, too.
Furthermore, it shows unmatched advantage when running in washing
case.The water is fully pulverized by the action of high speed
revolving impeller. The umbrellalike impeller can protect the
electromotor from water. The larruping involute helicoids fan shell
suits with the conelike impeller. It is helical in the axis direction
and is involute in the radial direction. It more adapts to the gas
flow running situation. The kind of shell has good strength character
and is material saving where gas flow runs in the low resistance
condition.
The
test results show the aerodynamic performance is good, the flux
coefficient and the pressure coefficient are comparative to that of
the 4-72 fan. Its pressure coefficient is higher than that of the 4-72
fan when running in the washing condition. The practical engineering
application indicates the type of fan can remove the oil smoke
effectively, and it’s efficient, free of cleanout. Its unique
impeller and fan shell structure characteristic has extraordinary
advantage to achieve mechanical washing process. It can apply to
asphalt smoke and the spray-paint smoke purification.
The
paper further discussed the cleaning mechanism of the
washing-purifying fan. The mechanical washing and purifying method
merges mechanical dust-removing mechanism and washing dust-removing
mechanism into a single fan. It can achieve pulverizing lotion fully,
commingling lotion and aerosol drastically, finally capturing aerosol
particles effectively and depurating gas fully by causing the high
speed moving oppositely. The air flow speed change and the
interactional situation between the aerosol particles and the wash
solution resembles that in the venturi’s each corresponding part.
The speed range 50～150m/s,equivalent speed to that of the Venturi
gular air speed, can be easily reached in the fan by choosing proper
fan model and adjusting rotate speed. The equipment is qualified to
perform efficient purification. So it can accomplish the equivalent
cleaning effect to the venturi syringe. Its energy consumption is less
by far than the venturi syringe.
Keys
words: fan, purifying, mechanical washing, efficient
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